CHAPTER –10 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Long type Answers:
10.1 Define and explain sustainable development.
Ans : In reality, all environmental problems are development problems. Many alternate development strategies have been propounded and they are being implemented without adequate environmental safeguards. In general, sustainability implies continuity of all things that are basically positive and might be thought of as broadly desirable or admirable. Some other definitions or interpretations of sustainability or sustainable development are as follows:
(1) Sustainability is the ability of an activity or development to continue in the long term without undermining that part of the environment which sustains it.
(2) Sustainable development is the development that seeks to improve the quality of human life without undermining the quality of our natural environment.
(3) Sustainability implies that human use or enjoyment of the world's natural and cultural resources should not, in overall terms, diminish or destroy them.
10.2 What r the salient features of the Brundtland Report,”Our Common Feature”?
Ans: The term Sustainable Development was coined by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), headed by Dr. (Mrs.) Gro Harlem Brundtland (the then Prime Minister of Norway). In its report "Our Common Future", presented in 1987 (known as the Brundtland Report), sustainable development was defined as the "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs". Sustainable development, therefore, implies protecting the environmental wealth, human capital stock, land, water and air, ecological living and non-living resources, and socioeconomic resource base.
10.3 What r the fourteen indicators for “A Better Wuality of Life” as contained in 1999 White Paper of the govt. of UK?
Ans: (1) The total output (Gross Domestic Product).
(2) The per capita investment in private, public and business assets.
(3) The percentage of people of working age in employment.
(4) Qualifications at age 19.
(5) The percentage of people with longer expected years of healthy life.
(6) The percentage of homes judged unfit to live in.
(7) The level of crime.
(8) The per capita emissions of green-house gases.
(9) The number of days in a year with air pollution moderate or high.
(10) The condition of road traffic.
(11) The quality and quantity of readily available water.
(12) The population of wild birds.
(13) The percentage of new homes built on previously developed land.
(14) The per capita waste generation and management of waste.
10.4 Write briefly on the Technology for Sustainable Energy.
Ans: Energy problems of urbanised population : The details of energy demand clearly reflect that there is imbalance between demand and supply of energy. The demand of energy is more whereas supply is less. Demand is more because number of houses and vehicles are increasing day by day. Besides this, consumers of energy are abundant in number. We were 34.7 crores in 1951 but now we are more than 1OO crores in India. Every one nearly is having electrical appliance. The energy consumption is therefore shooting up.
10.5 Write a critical note on the Technology for Sustainable materials .
Ans: There is a global realization of the fact that single use of some of The important materials like metals, glass and paper would lead to scarcity of such materials since their feed-stocks would get exhausted. In developed countries, resource recovery is a high technology area. In many developing countries like India, however city garbage is sorted out manually for the recovery of metals, glass, plastics, paper, etc., which generate employment and materials for reuse.
The reasons for waste utilization are: (1) economic (2) environmental (3) resource conservation (4) employment generation and (5) provision of basic necessities of life.
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