• What are the adverse effects due to eco-imbalance ?
Ans : Some important polluted environment and imbalanced ecosystems are as follows :
• Ill effect on human health.
• Soil degradation.
• Desetification.
• Contamination of food .
• Trace substances in the troposphere.
• Genetic resource depletion
• Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer
• Global warming.
• List and explain the pragmatic remedies to prevent eco-imbalance.
Ans: Remediesfor Eco-Imbalance : Some important strategies (programme and plans) for reducing the ecological imbalance in the world eco-system are given below:
(I) Road construction activities must be minimum on reserve forests in order to avoid and disturbance to natural wealth. It is better to consult an environmentalist prior to road construction.
(II) In order to avoid any geological havoc, blasting and chipping mountain slopes must be done under the instructions of geological investigators.
(III) Wood burning as a source of energy is very popular in those area where oil, gas and coal prices are very high. Besides this wood burning bring forth hazardous amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC due to inefficient and incomplete burning of wood. EPA (Environmental Pro tection Agency) recommend use of Wood Stoves nation wide (hilly areas and plains) to over-power eco-imbalance as a remedial measure and attempt deal burning.
(IV) Biogas is another way, the use of which can help in maintaining eco-balance. It is a source of renewable energy. I.I.T., New Delhi has develops technology of briquetting saw dust into smokeless fuel— a good and eco-friendly source of energy which yields Biogas and pynogas. Biogas is mainly produced from cattle dung, human excreta, straw, plant, leaves, paddy husk sludge, food industries and paper mills, Its use is good remedy for eco-imbalance besides being cheaper.
(V) Programme of social forestry must be taken upto the grass root level. The wastelands must be garlanded with trees, and valuable herbs and shrubs. The best example of social forestry is found in China where even single inch of wasteland is not left without plantation. Debris obtained during road cut-tings must be accumulated at some appropriate place and plantation must be done on the same.This plantation will help in retaining the natural environment.
Plantation must be done along the banks of rivers, nallaha etc. in order to avoid any further cutting of soil and to protect the water reservoir and dams from more siltation, Small water tanks along with the proper drainage system must be constructed along the roadsides in order to protect both flora and fauna.
(Objective/Short Type)
• Give a suitable definition of ecology.
Ans : A.Mac fadyen : “Ecology is a science which concerns itself with the inter-relationships of living organisms, plants and animals and their environments'
S.C.Kendeigh : “ Ecology is the study of animals and plants in their relation to each other and to their environment . ”
• what is food chain?
Ans : Ecosystems function by maintaining a flow of energy and a cycling of nutrients through a series of steps of eating and being eaten, of utilization and conversion, which is known as food chain.
• what are the decomposers?
Ans: Microconsumers or decomposers small heterotrophs, mainly the bacteria and fungi, which decompose the dead remains of plants and animals, utilize a part of the products of this decomposition for their own nourishment and, in the process, release simple substances which can be reutilized as nutrients by the producers.
• Define detritus
Ans:
7.13 The abiotic components of the ecosystem are:
(a) Organic compounds (b) Microconsumers
(c) Inorganic substances (d) None of these.
7.14 Macronutrients are:
(a) Oxygen (b) Sulphur
(c) Chlorine (d) Sodium
7.15 Match the following:
(A) Ecology ........ (a) MicTobes
(B) Biotic .... ... ....(b) Microclimate
(C) Synecology . . (c) Water
(D) Abiotic ............(d) Meteorology
7.16 Match the following:
(A) Biosphere cycle...... (a) Calcium carbonate
(B) Chlorophylis............. (b) Magnesium
(c) Sedimentary cycle... (c) Biogeochemical cycle
(D) Oysters................... (d) Sulphur cycle
7.17 Write true or false:
Ans: An ecosystem may be a single tree. – True
7.18 Write true or false:
The chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from the sun. - False
Ans: The chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy directly from chemical reaction
• Write true or false:
Fungi, bacteria and animals can be called autotrophs.
Ans: Fungi, bacteria and animal can be called heterotropns.
7.20 Name the odd ones:
(a) Carbon dioxide cycle (b) Sulphur cycle
(c) Oxygen cycle (d) Nitrogen cycle
7.21 Fill up the blank:
During photosynthesis, atmospheric co2 is incorporated into the
production of the carbohydrate which i& known as Glucose (C6 H12 O6)
7.22 Fill up the blanks :
Fats are formed by the elements carbon , hydrogen and oxygen.
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