Group A
Society
Societal Structures and Dynamics An analysis of basic sociological concepts and their applicationsto
contemporary society;social stratification, caste, class, cultural heritage, occupation, mobility and income
distribution. Social tensions and their causes; societal responsibilities and social institutions. Development
Processes Parameters for development. Interrelationship between social, economic and scientific factors.
Role of science and technology in development. Planning—its objectives and assessment. Technology
Assessment Historical development of science and technology. Criteria for assessment of appropriate
technology and technology adaptation.
Group B
Environment
Ecosystems Natural ecosystems. Principlesof ecobalance. Biosphere cycle, carbon dioxide cycle. Causes
for eco-imbalance—its effects and remedies. Environmental Degradation Causes for degradation—its
effects. Control of air, water, soil and noise pollutions. Protection of ozone layer. Waste Management
Agricultural, urban and industrial wastes.Sustainable Development Definition and concept. Technology for
sustainable energy and materials.


