by sandyp » Mon Sep 13, 2010 2:15 pm
COMMUNICATION
“If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would hope to keep my power of Communication for by it I would regain the rest”- David Webster, American Journalist
MEANING OF COMMUNICATION:
The term ‘Communication’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘Communis’ which means common. It implies common experiences, mutual sharing, give and take, exchange of ideas and information.
Definitions of Communication
According to Aristotle, communication is a means of persuasion to influence the other so that the desired effect is achieved.
Dewey defines Communication as a process of sharing experience till it becomes a common possession. He says it modifies the disposition of both the parties who partake in it.
Keith and Davis defines it as a process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. It is essentially a bridge of meaning between the people. They opine that by using the bridge one can safely cross the river of misunderstanding.
Edgar Dale defines it as sharing of ideas, feelings in a mood of mutuality.
In the words of Brooker “ communication is anything that conveys meaning, that carries a message from one person to another”.
Hovland defines communication “as a process by which an individual, the communicator, transmits (usually verbal symbols) to modify the behavior of other individuals-receivers.”
Wilbur Schramm says “ Communication research is concerned with all the ways in which information and ideas are exchanged and shared. Thus, we are talking about both mass and interpersonal communication. We are talking about the spoken word, signal, gesture, picture, visual display, print, broadcast, film- all the signs and symbols by which humans try to convey meaning and value one to another.”
The general notion of communication process is summed up well by Salomon when he states that “Communication in its wider sense is a process whereby people convey knowledge, influence each other, create and maintain a base of shared notions which they then use as a personal and shared guide”.
Devito refers to communication “as an act, by one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages distorted by noise within a context, with some effect and with some opportunity for feedback.”
Ellis and Beattie asserted that “Communication occurs when one organism ( the transmitter_ encodes information into a signal which passes to another organism (the receiver) which decodes the signal and is capable of responding appropriately”.
So it may be concluded that communication is a process of social interaction i.e. in a communication situation, two or more individuals interact. They try to tangibly influence the ideas, attitudes, knowledge and behavior of each other. Communication is thus, an exchange of information, knowledge, ideas or feelings taking place between two individuals. But in a face to face situation, the gestures, expressions, language, and tone create an impact on communication.
Objectives of Communication:
The objectives of communication are:
to motivate,
to inform,
to suggest,
to warn,
to order,
to change behavior,
to establish better relationships with others,
to make learning meaningful and understood.
BASIC FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION
• Communication is a universal phenomenon.
• Communication exists in all spheres of life.
• Communication is a purposeful process. It involves sources, messages, channels and receivers.
• Communication involves interaction. It is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions or information by speech, writing or signs.
• Communication occurs everywhere, intentionally or unintentionally.
• Communication occurs at different levels – intrapersonal, interpersonal and a personal (person to group level) or it may be at an intellectual level.
• Communication involves give and take.
• Communication is a continuous process.
• Communication is verbal and non- verbal.